Let me take a step back and quickly outline how the skeleton hierarchy works. A skeleton is composed of one or more bones. A bone may have zero or more bone children. A bone may also have zero or more slots. Slots are locations in a skeleton to which attachments can be attached and thus made visible. A slot can only have a single attachment attached at a time.
So, to make an attachment invisible, you have to find the slot it is attached to, and then set the attachment on the slot to null. Assuming you know the slot the attachment is attached to, it's as simple as:
skeleton.findSlot("slotName").setAttachment(null);
Note that calling skeleton.setToSetupPose, skeleton.setSlotsToSetupPose, skeleton.setSkin as well as having attachment timelines may attach the attachment to the slot again.